IMPLANTATIONThe attachment and embedding of the conceptus (embryo) into the lining of the uterus.
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)A powerful procedure to help women conceive. IVF entails stimulating the ovaries to develop multiple follicles -this is achieved most commonly with injectable medications. The goal of IVF is to produce a large number of growing follicles, then harvest the eggs inside the follicles through a short surgical procedure named egg retrieval. The eggs are then inseminated with sperm in the laboratory, sometimes using ICSI, in order to create embryos that can then be transferred back to the endometrial cavity (the womb) of the woman. The name in vitro fertilization refers to the fact that the oocyte (egg) is fertilized by the sperm in the laboratory, rather than inside the female reproductive tract.
INTRA-UTERINE INSEMINATION (IUI)A technique that transfers sperm directly into the uterus. It bypasses the vaginal and cervical defense mechanisms of the female reproductive tract and allows better sperm delivery to the fallopian tubes. This allows the sperm and egg to interact in close proximity. It is a very common treatment for mild and moderate deficits in the semen analysis. IUI is typically used in conjunction with medications that increase the number of eggs per cycle and triggering of ovulation. The goal is to have more ‘targets’ (eggs) for the sperm, perfect timing and better sperm delivery.
INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI)The placement of a single sperm inside a single oocyte (egg) by penetrating the outer coatings of the egg. This technique is used in cases where sperm concentration/motility/morphology is significantly affected. ICSI is also used for patients who have had previous IVF cycles with failed fertilization.